Circular economy& Design for Disassembly.

Mechanical assemblies (screwed, clipped, bolted) rather than chemical (glued, welded, irreversible structural silicone). Separable layers, no irreversible composite materials. Maintenance and disassembly access planned from the design phase. Modular dimensioning, standard-dimension components reusable on other projects. Documented disassembly sequence, like a reversed assembly manual. Minimisation of irreversible materials.

Exact composition (materials, grades, surface treatments). Origin (manufacturer, raw-material supplier). Properties (mechanical, thermal, optical). Assemblies (what is linked to what, how to disassemble). Reuse potential (possible end-of-life uses, estimated residual value). BIM integration via the building digital twin. The material passport is the document that makes the building minable at end of life ; without it, information is lost.

Aluminium : recyclable indefinitely without quality loss ; priority to recycled aluminium for initial sourcing. Steel : recyclable, more energy-intensive cycle than aluminium. Glass : recyclable into glass (cullet) if separated from other materials ; separation protocols planned from design. Structural wood : reusable if mechanically assembled. Bio-sourced : plant fibres, geo-sourced materials to replace fossil materials on non-structural layers. Composites : avoid as much as possible (irreversible), unless composition allows controlled chemical recycling.

On renovation projects, audit of existing components (condition, residual value, reuse potential). Selective deposition rather than destructive demolition, to preserve valuable elements. Reconditioning (cleaning, testing, certification) for reuse in the new project. Traceability of reused components in the material passport of the new building.